{"id":127218,"date":"2020-02-26T06:00:49","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T12:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/?p=127218"},"modified":"2020-02-25T19:53:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T01:53:54","slug":"filmmaking-exposure-cheat-sheet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/filmmaking-exposure-cheat-sheet\/","title":{"rendered":"The Exposure Fundamentals Behind Great Filmmaking"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"from-aperture-to-shutter-speed-to-frame-rate-in-this-tutorial-well-look-at-the-basic-building-blocks-of-great-filmmaking\">From aperture to shutter speed to frame rate \u2014 in this tutorial, we&#8217;ll look at the basic building blocks of great filmmaking.<\/h2>\n<p>To guide you through the fundamentals of getting a good exposure, I&#8217;m going to draw from the diagram of the exposure triangle originally created for photographers. It illustrates aperture, ISO, and shutter speed, and thanks to our friends at Shutterstock, we&#8217;ve got a free bag tag featuring the triangle for easy reference on your next shoot. (Download it below).<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<h4 id=\"download-the-exposure-triangle-bag-tag\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"bt bt-big\" title=\"Exposure Triangle Bag Tag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/06\/BaggageTagPortrait.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Download the Exposure Triangle Bag Tag.<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<p>At the very top of the triangle, we have aperture and how your iris can affect your depth of field. So let&#8217;s begin by breaking these two things down and how they relate to one another.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-CbE04KIchc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"aperture\">Aperture<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127344 size-large\" title=\"Aperture\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg?w=755\" alt=\"Aperture\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/aperture.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Aperture is the opening of a lens diaphragm \u2014 how much light passes through and reaches your camera&#8217;s sensor. Much like how the pupils in our eyes adjust in size according to the brightness of our surroundings, the aperture of a lens opens and closes to allow more or less light through, changing the exposure of our images.<\/p>\n<p>The measurements for aperture are focal stops (or f-stops), which actually scale in a way you might find illogical \u2014 the lower the f-stop, the more open your aperture will be, thus letting in more light. This is because f-stops are actually fractions, which makes it much easier to remember if we treat them as such. An f-2 is actually one over two \u2014 or one half \u2014 which is a larger number than f-4, which is one over four \u2014 or one fourth.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127351 size-large\" title=\"f\/stops\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg?w=755\" alt=\"f\/stops\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/focalstop.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"depth-of-field\">Depth of Field<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127346 size-large\" title=\"Depth of field\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg?w=755\" alt=\"Depth of field\" width=\"755\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg?resize=300,151 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg?resize=277,139 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg?resize=359,181 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg?resize=543,273 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg?resize=560,282 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/depth.jpg?resize=150,75 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Depth of field is the distance around your focal point that is also in focus \u2014 basically how far in front of and behind your subject your image maintains focus. If your subject is in focus, with the rest of your image blurred out, this is called shallow focus \u2014 or having shallow depth of field.<\/p>\n<p>You achieve this look by using a lower f-stop. This is a highly cinematic look, great for shooting solo subjects because it draws attention to them. You can also display lights in the background of a shot, with shallow depth of field, and the lights will take on a nice bokeh look, which is quite beautiful.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127350 size-large\" title=\"Bokeh\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg?w=755\" alt=\"Bokeh\" width=\"755\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg?resize=300,179 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg?resize=277,165 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg?resize=359,214 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg?resize=543,324 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg?resize=560,334 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/bokeh.jpg?resize=150,89 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>User Eric Xavier asked me in another tutorial how to keep from having a flat-looking image on my <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/tips-for-mastering-manual-focus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">mastering manual focus tutorial<\/a>, and, well, using a backlight and shallow depth of field are two of the best ways to pull your subject away from the background, thus avoiding a flat image.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127345 size-large\" title=\"Depth of field\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg?w=755\" alt=\"Depth of field\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shallow.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>If you use a higher f-stop, you can maintain detail and focus throughout the entirety of your shot. This is known as having a large \u2014 or deep \u2014 depth of field. This is perfect for landscapes, extremely long shots, or basically whenever you want to ensure that every detail of your frame is in focus. Adjusting your aperture to achieve a certain depth of field for your project may leave you with an unwanted exposure, so let&#8217;s discuss adjusting your ISO to help level out your exposure.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"iso\">ISO<\/h3>\n<p>In essence, altering your ISO means changing how sensitive your camera is to light. The lower the ISO, the <em>less<\/em> sensitive it&#8217;ll be to light. The higher the number, the <em>more<\/em> sensitive it&#8217;ll be. When raising your ISO, you&#8217;re increasing the electrical signal that&#8217;s being applied to your footage. So, a higher ISO will yield a brighter image because it has been amplified with a stronger charge. But, if you raise the ISO too high, this can yield a poor image by adding &#8220;noise&#8221; or &#8220;grain&#8221; to your footage.<\/p>\n<p>Cameras are getting better every year at handling the noise caused by higher ISOs. But, when you find yourself in a low-light setting \u2014 where you must increase your ISO \u2014 be sure to keep an eye on the &#8220;noise,&#8221; especially in the blacks of your footage. Your camera is going to have a native ISO, which is the baseline setting that allows you to achieve the most detail out of your footage. Be sure to know the native ISO of whatever camera you may be using. Many new cameras will have two listed \u2014 dual ISOs have become a rising staple in our industry.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"shutter-speed-and-frame-rate\">Shutter Speed and Frame Rate<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127347 size-large\" title=\"Shutter speed\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg?w=755\" alt=\"Shutter speed\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutter.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Shutter speed is the refresh rate of your camera \u2014 or how long each frame gets exposed to light. With a higher shutter speed, we&#8217;re going to get crisper images, which are great for action films or fight scenes since they capture so much detail. Lower shutter speeds are going to have some blur in the motion, which will actually feel more natural to your audience.<\/p>\n<p>For shutter speed, the rule of thumb is following the 180-degree rule, which is to mimic motion in a natural way to double the shutter speed of our frame rate. For example, if we&#8217;re in 24p, then use a shutter speed of 48 (or 50, if your camera doesn&#8217;t have a setting for 48); use a shutter of 60 if you&#8217;re in 30p, etc. That&#8217;s not to say you can&#8217;t step outside of this rule for different aesthetics, but it&#8217;s definitely something to consider. The higher shutter speeds are a great way to add kinetic energy to your footage, so experiment with different shutter speeds to match your story.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-127348 size-large\" title=\"180-degree rule\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg?w=755\" alt=\"180-degree rule\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/tennis.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Frame rate is how many frames your camera is capturing per second. The industry standard for filmmakers is 23.98 frames per second \u2014 or 24p. This is the classic cinema look to which we&#8217;ve all become accustomed over the years. Other common frame rates to know are 25 or 30 frames per second \u2014 30p is most commonly associated with shooting news or sports. If you wanted to drop below 24p, it&#8217;d be more of a creative decision, which I&#8217;ve seen used to represent someone recounting a memory or simulating the feeling of intoxication \u2014 also used in a few not-so-great &#8217;90s grunge rock music videos. Now, if we increase the frame rate to, say, 48fps, this unlocks the ability to use slow motion, giving us the option \u2014 in a 24p editorial timeline \u2014 to double the length of our clip for slow motion.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>So, we&#8217;ve covered everything in the exposure triangle \u2014 and even discussed a bit extra. Now you&#8217;re set with the basic building blocks to becoming a great filmmaker. Experiment with all of them and be sure to check back in with us here at PremiumBeat for more advanced tips.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Interested in the tracks we used to make this video?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2v4PocV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Urge to Win<\/a>\u201d by Vincent Tone<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/3cibQjw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Awaken Together<\/a>&#8221; by Evan MacDonald<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/3a2dLXm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Little World<\/a>&#8221; by Fugu Vibes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Looking for more filmmaking tips and tricks? Check these out.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/how-to-create-volumetric-lighting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">How to Create Volumetric Beams of Light Using Haze<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/inventive-green-screen-ideas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">7 of the Most Innovative Uses of Green Screen in Film<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/best-lens-gimbal-setup-video\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">The Best Lens-Gimbal Setup for Your Next Project<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/5-tips-editing-audio-audacity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">5 Tips for Getting Started Working with Audio in Audacity<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/280-free-sound-effects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Over 280 Free Sound Effects for Videos, Apps, Films, and Games<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From aperture to shutter speed to frame rate \u2014 in this tutorial, we&#8217;ll look at the basic building blocks of great filmmaking.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":170,"featured_media":127371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4519,3843,583],"tags":[1093,536,472],"class_list":["post-class-post-127218","post-class-post","post-class-type-post","post-class-status-publish","post-class-format-standard","post-class-has-post-thumbnail","post-class-hentry","post-class-category-cinematography-2","post-class-category-filmmaking-2","post-class-category-video-production-2","post-class-tag-cinematography","post-class-tag-filmmaking","post-class-tag-video-production"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.5 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Exposure Fundamentals Behind Great Filmmaking<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From aperture to shutter speed to frame rate \u2014 in this tutorial, we&#039;ll look at the basic building blocks of great filmmaking.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/filmmaking-exposure-cheat-sheet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Exposure Fundamentals Behind Great Filmmaking\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From aperture to shutter speed to frame rate \u2014 in this tutorial, we&#039;ll look at the basic building blocks of great filmmaking.\" 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