{"id":140571,"date":"2020-10-29T06:00:51","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T11:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/?p=140571"},"modified":"2020-10-27T09:34:14","modified_gmt":"2020-10-27T14:34:14","slug":"plot-structure-for-films-and-screenplays","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/plot-structure-for-films-and-screenplays\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding and Implementing Plot Structure for Films and Screenplays"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"lets-explore-the-fundamentals-of-story-and-plot-structure-and-how-filmmakers-can-use-these-basics-to-create-their-own-narratives\">Let&#8217;s explore the fundamentals of story and plot structure and how filmmakers can use these basics to create their own narratives.<\/h2>\n<p>They say a film is only as good as its script. Which is true, but I\u2019d argue that it goes further than that. A good script is only as good as the plot \u2014 or the story at the center of it all. Screenwriters and filmmakers agree that it\u2019s this central story that really develops, informs, and controls how you write your script, shoot your shots, and make those final edits.<\/p>\n<p>But, what makes a good story? And, how do you structure the perfect plot for your films and screenplays? Let\u2019s dive into the fundamentals of plot structuring and explore how you can use these basics to help tell your story through filmmaking.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"what-are-plot-and-story\">What Are Plot and Story?<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oP3c1h8v2ZQ?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, what is a plot? Looking into purely literary terms, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/plot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">plot<\/a> is simply: \u201cThe plan, scheme, or main story of a literary or dramatic work, as a play, novel, or short story.\u201d Although, for our film purposes, it\u2019s probably best to go with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plot_(narrative)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">functional definition<\/a>: \u201cThe sequence of events where each affects the next one.\u201d Basically, this just means the plot is what happens and in what order.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">story<\/a>, on the other hand, is \u201can account of imaginary or real people and events told for entertainment,\u201d which is slightly different in that it accounts for the sensational elements of things that may or may not have\u00a0actually happened and are presented for entertainment purposes.<\/p>\n<p>Both roughly mean the same thing. However, for the purposes of screenwriting and filmmaking, the plot represents the structure, while the story stands for the substance.<\/p>\n<p>You can see the difference in the video above in which novelist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0903361\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Kurt Vonnegut<\/a> outlines the \u201cShape of Stories\u201d by giving a very systematic plot diagram, then explains how the story defines the emotions and how we connect with the different feelings contained within.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"the-basics-of-plot-structure\">The Basics of Plot Structure<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_140994\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-140994\" class=\"wp-image-140994 size-full\" title=\"Plot Diagram\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg\" alt=\"Plot Diagram\" width=\"755\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg?resize=300,240 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg?resize=277,222 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg?resize=359,287 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg?resize=543,434 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg?resize=560,448 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/plot-diagram.jpg?resize=150,120 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-140994\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-vector\/plot-diagram-vector-illustration-labeled-story-1734024428\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">VectorMine<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Plot structure is a smart way to plan and work with film, as the whole process is very methodical in how it&#8217;s created and presented from one shot to the next. It\u2019s also important that we talk about just how fundamental plot structuring is to how we understand film. Of course, while there are experiments and outliers, the majority of all film projects follow some of the same basic plot structures.<\/p>\n<p>The first \u2014 and perhaps most basic \u2014 plot structure is the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Three-act_structure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">three act structure<\/a>. This is one of the oldest structures to any film, literature, or storytelling form, and it could be argued that it&#8217;s a part of the core building blocks of all other structures and stories. There\u2019s more to read about the three-act, but the basics include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The First Act<\/strong>: Exposition and introduction to the crucial story elements.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The Second Act<\/strong>: A problem is defined and confronted as the stakes are raised.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The Third Act<\/strong>: The problem is solved with a climax and we have reflection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What many would call the second most well-known plot structure would be <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dramatic_structure#Freytag&#039;s_analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Freytag\u2019s Five Part Pyramid<\/a>, which itself is based on early theories of story from the ancient Greeks. These five parts (sometimes six) might be familiar to anyone who\u2019s dabbled in literature or art. The basics include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Exposition<\/strong>: An introduction of the protagonist(s), antagonist(s), and the stakes.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Rising Action<\/strong>: A conflict is introduced and the protagonist&#8217;s journey begins.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Climax<\/strong>: The protagonist faces off against the central antagonist\/conflict in a battle.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Falling Action<\/strong>: All the character\u2019s actions are resolved and an outcome is reached.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Denouement<\/strong>: The conflict is concluded and we see what happens to the characters in the future.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"the-heros-journey-circle\">The Hero&#8217;s Journey Circle<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d1Zxt28ff-E?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>From there, as we go further specifically into plot structure for film and entertainment, we move onto exploring the Monomyth and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hero%27s_journey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Joseph Campbell\u2019s Hero\u2019s Journey<\/a>. This plot and story structure is as old as humankind itself and encompasses all the elements from before. It\u2019s perhaps our most nuanced take on how stories are structured and the individual plot points you need to use (or at least understand) for your projects.<\/p>\n<p>You can read more in depth on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/the-recurring-myth-behind-your-favorite-films\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Hero\u2019s Journey<\/a> as it regards to filmmakers, but let\u2019s go over some of the important tenets including the three basic parts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Departure<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Initiation<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Return<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_140998\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-140998\" class=\"wp-image-140998 size-full\" title=\"The Hero's Journey\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg\" alt=\"The Hero's Journey\" width=\"755\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg?resize=300,191 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg?resize=277,176 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg?resize=359,229 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg?resize=543,346 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg?resize=560,357 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/heros-journey.jpg?resize=150,96 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-140998\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Image via <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hero%27s_journey#\/media\/File:Heroesjourney.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Wikipedia<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Sounds similar to the three-act structure, right?. However, the Hero\u2019s Journey has more steps within (see below). Additionally, it can be perceived not as a linear line (like the prior examples), but actually more of a comprehensive circle that brings the audience back to where the story began.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ordinary World<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Call to Adventure<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Refusal of the Call<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meeting with the Mentor<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crossing the Threshold to the Special World<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tests, Allies, and Enemies<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Approach to the Innermost Cave<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ordeal<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Reward<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Road Back<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Resurrection<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Return with the Elixir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"examples-of-plot-structure\">Examples of Plot Structure<\/h3>\n<p>Once you understand these basic plot structures and can trace the iconic Hero\u2019s Journey, it becomes a fun exercise in critical analysis, as well as an interesting look into the decision making of writers and directors, as we\u2019re all tasked with taking these building blocks and creating unique and powerful stories.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see in the examples below, these plot structures can actually be very recognizable when you start to break down some of your favorite films and franchises.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"harry-potter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0241527\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Harry Potter<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AlJb8BnpWJw?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"empire-strikes-back\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0080684\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Empire Strikes Back<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FsbWb5To3wo?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"dead-mans-chest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0383574\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Dead Man\u2019s Chest<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7x4VehVJ1kI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>But, just because you can recognize a film\u2019s essential plot structure, it still begs the question: How can you use plot structure for your projects? Let\u2019s take a look at some of the different approaches.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 id=\"different-approaches-for-filmmakers\">Different Approaches for Filmmakers<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RG4WcRAgm7Y?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, this is where plot structure gets really fun. At this point in film and art history, we\u2019ve very successfully broken down plot structure to these fundamental elements and are able to understand <em>how <\/em>and <em>why<\/em> these classic structures work. It also means that we\u2019re really only now able to come up with our own ideas as to how we want to work with the structures \u2014 or, at times, against them.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see above, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm1363595\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Dan Harmon<\/a> is a perfect example of this as he\u2019s been able to develop his own version (of sorts) of the Hero\u2019s Journey with his unique \u201cStory Circle,\u201d which includes all the elements, but is tailored to his own understanding and specific needs for television writing and episodic comedy.<\/p>\n<p>It really becomes up to you \u2014 as a screenwriter and\/or filmmaker \u2014 to take these structures for what they are: building blocks to your story. You can choose which structure or format that&#8217;s best for you and your narrative, as well as decide at what point you might want to deviate from the structured norms to create unease or excite wonder in your audience and their formulaic expectations.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>For more film theory and helpful screenwriting content, check out these handpicked resources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/rules-of-three-act-structure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Bending the Rules of the Three-Act Structure<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/how-to-structure-scripts-and-screenplays\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">A Guide to Structuring Your Scripts and Screenplays<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/watchmen-nonlinear-storytelling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\u201cWatchmen\u201d and The Art of Creating Nonlinear Stories<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/write-documentary-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">How to Write a Documentary Treatment<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/5-important-screenwriting-tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">5 Important Tools Every Screenwriter Should Have<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Cover image from <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0241527\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Harry Potter and the Sorcerer&#8217;s Stone<\/a> <em>via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.warnerbros.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Warner Bros<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let&#8217;s explore the fundamentals of story and plot structure and how filmmakers can use these basics to create their own narratives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":141173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3843,583],"tags":[536,472],"class_list":["post-class-post-140571","post-class-post","post-class-type-post","post-class-status-publish","post-class-format-standard","post-class-has-post-thumbnail","post-class-hentry","post-class-category-filmmaking-2","post-class-category-video-production-2","post-class-tag-filmmaking","post-class-tag-video-production"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Understanding and Implementing Plot Structure for Films and Screenplays<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Let&#039;s explore the fundamentals of story and plot structure and how filmmakers can use these basics to create their own narratives.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/plot-structure-for-films-and-screenplays\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding and Implementing Plot Structure for Films and Screenplays\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Let&#039;s explore the fundamentals of story and plot structure and how filmmakers can use these 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