{"id":155920,"date":"2021-06-21T12:19:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-21T17:19:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/?p=155920"},"modified":"2021-06-21T12:19:35","modified_gmt":"2021-06-21T17:19:35","slug":"180-degree-rule-cinematography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/180-degree-rule-cinematography\/","title":{"rendered":"To Break or Not to Break: The Significance of the 180-Degree Rule"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-we-dare-to-challenge-one-of-the-most-famous-yet-controversial-rules-in-film-and-video-production-but-we-re-not-the-only-ones\"><span id=\"we-dare-to-challenge-one-of-the-most-famous-yet-controversial-rules-in-film-and-video-production-but-were-not-the-only-ones\">We dare to challenge one of the most famous, yet controversial, rules in film and video production. But, we&#8217;re not the only ones . . .<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019ve ever taken a single filmmaking class in film school, or attended any video production workshops, or even just watched film or video theory tutorials on YouTube, you\u2019ve probably heard of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/180-degree_rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">180-degree rule<\/a>. As far as film rules go, this is one of the most famous, and originally considered the most unbreakable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, if that\u2019s the case, why do we see it broken so often in modern film and television? Didn\u2019t all of these filmmakers take the same classes and watch the same YouTube videos? Or, are we to believe that this famous, unbreakable rule is simply out-of-date at this point?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s explore these important questions as we take a look at the 180-degree rule, why it exists, and how it\u2019s been used over the years as we try to answer this final question: Is the 180-degree rule still worth following?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-the-180-degree-rule\"><span id=\"what-is-the-180-degree-rule\">What Is the 180-Degree Rule<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HinUychY3sE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As defined by the <a href=\"https:\/\/filmglossary.ccnmtl.columbia.edu\/term\/180-degree-rule\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Columbia Film School Language Glossary<\/a>, the 180-degree rule is a \u201crule of shooting and editing [that] keeps the camera on one side of the action.\u201d The definition goes on to explain how if a \u201ccamera stays on one side of the axis of action throughout a scene,\u201d then this \u201ckeeps characters grounded compositionally on a particular side of the screen or frame.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At this point, the 180-degree rule is an industry-wide guideline that helps to inform all manner of filmmaking and video production for everything including corporate videos, television commercials, online and digital content, and (of course) films and movies. However, while we\u2019ve seen this invisible dotted line drawn in textbooks and YouTube videos for years now, we still have to ask why it even exists in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-the-180-degree-rule-exists\"><span id=\"why-the-180-degree-rule-exists\">Why the 180-Degree Rule Exists<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iW0bKUfvH2c?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s hard to imagine now, but at one point, there was no 180-degree rule. In the earliest days of film and cinema, there were no rules at all. Just a single, static camera that captured images at 24 frames per second. It was up to these early <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/film-editing-legacy-anne-coates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">film pioneers<\/a> to begin to define the many laws, rules, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/dos-and-dont-of-directing-remotely\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">guidelines<\/a> for filmmaking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And, simply put, many of the choices they made early on would become standard practice as they made the most sense\u2014at the time. A lot of them were practical as well, and had to do with how we shoot and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/aputure-lightdome-vs-lantern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">light the scenes<\/a> and subjects for our moving pictures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 180-degree rule exists because of these elements, the two biggest ones being <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/robert-yeoman-cinematography\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">lighting<\/a> and continuity. As you can read for yourself, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/lighting-and-the-180-degree-rule\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">lighting a scene for the 180-degree rule<\/a> does make the most traditional sense as it helps define the barriers between \u201con-set\u201d and \u201coff-set,\u201d and helps to keep lighting setups consistent between shots.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 180-degree rule also helps our brains understand the geometry of a set and scene. We perceive the action as if we\u2019re watching it from the camera\u2019s POV\u2014what&#8217;s left stays left and what&#8217;s right stays right. However, as we\u2019ve advanced both in terms of lighting and film and video comprehension, these rules are starting to change as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-break-the-180-degree-rule\"><span id=\"how-to-break-the-180-degree-rule\">How to Break the 180-Degree Rule<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Bba7raSvvRo?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u2019m a big fan of this above breakdown video by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC6P24bhhCmMPOcujA9PKPTA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Film Riot<\/a> which, after giving you many of the same definitions and explanations of the 180-degree rule, also shows you some quick examples of how to break it. And, it\u2019s true, you do see the 180-degree rule broken quite often in modern film and television.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, in each case, there\u2019s always (or, at least, should always be) a good reason. More often than not, it\u2019s simply because the filmmakers are filming scenes with constant action or movement, which kind of makes it impossible to keep one consistent 180-degree throughout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You could argue that instead of \u201cbreaking\u201d the rule, per se, the filmmakers are simply &#8220;re-establishing&#8221; the 180-degree rule from sequence to sequence, and occasionally from shot to shot. Today audiences are much better at understanding on-screen action and orienting themselves to what\u2019s happening in any given scene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-examples-of-films-breaking-the-rule\"><span id=\"examples-of-films-breaking-the-rule\">Examples of Films Breaking the Rule<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/vimeo.com\/216743596\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Along with the times, you might want to simply re-establish the 180-degree rule to keep up with quick action sequences. There are also some important examples of filmmakers intentionally breaking the 180-degree rule for cinematic and psychological effects. In the video essay above from <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/fandor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Fandor<\/a>, we look into a few important instances where this has happened in cinema history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After starting off with some classic examples of the 180-degree rule in action, we\u2019re presented with three scenes from the films of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0939182\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Wong Kar-Wai<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0000040\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Stanley Kubrick<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0004716\/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Darren Aronofsky<\/a> where these <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/filmmaking-lessons-oscar-nominated-directors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">acclaimed directors<\/a> experiment with how the 180-degree rule works and can be manipulated to help with their cinematic storytelling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These intentional breaks, where the 180-degree rule is established early in a scene, then deliberately broken, can challenge and unnerve viewers, even (perhaps) without them understanding why.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-should-you-still-use-the-180-degree-rule\"><span id=\"should-you-still-use-the-180-degree-rule\">Should You Still Use the 180-Degree Rule?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jmCpFbZ20Fg?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, now that we\u2019ve established what the 180-degree rule is, why it exists, and how it&#8217;s been used and broken in the past, the question remains: Should you still use the 180-degree rule in your film and video projects?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u2019d argue that you should at least understand the rule and let it inform your most basic shot types. Every scene still needs an opening shot and you should always try to mix in a variety of wides, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/when-use-close-up-shot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">closeups<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/insert-shots-for-film-and-video\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">cut-aways<\/a> to help you narratively tell your story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, I also think that at this point, audiences are more than proficient at understanding the language of cinema and can actually be quite bored from seeing the same old shots and scene constructions. You\u2019re not going to turn any heads (so to speak) by following the 180-degree rule the same way that films have in the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I recommend that any aspiring or up-and-coming filmmaker or video professional make use of the 180-degree rule early and often in their projects to show proficiency in their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/iconic-cinematography-reed-morano\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">cinematography<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/3-ways-modify-lighting-cinematic-look\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">lighting<\/a>, and compositions, but to completely challenge the rule from there.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Try to find new angles and compositions to explore. Try putting your camera in new, unique places and strive to give audiences looks they might not always understand. The rules of cinema might have come from necessary roots, but they\u2019re always meant to be broken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more insights into filmmaking and film theory, check out these additional articles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/mirror-shot-filmmakers-make-cameras-disappear\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">The Infamous Mirror Shot: How Filmmakers Make Cameras Disappear<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/diffusion-filters-trend\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Are We Using Diffusion Filters for the Right Reason?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/video-editing-tips-cutting-documentary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">14 Video Editing Tips for Cutting a Documentary<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/filmmaking-trends-shallow-focus-cinematography\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Filmmaking Trends: Why Shallow Focus Cinematography Is Here to Stay<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/backlighting-your-subject\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">10 Things to Know About Backlighting Your Subject<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Cover image from <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0266697\/?ref_=tt_mv_close\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Kill Bill: Vol. 1<\/a><em> via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miramax.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Miramax<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We dare to challenge one of the most famous, yet controversial, rules in film and video production. But, we&#8217;re not the only ones . . .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":155940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4519,3843],"tags":[2639,2638,6143,1093,5635,2640,6656,6655],"class_list":["post-class-post-155920","post-class-post","post-class-type-post","post-class-status-publish","post-class-format-standard","post-class-has-post-thumbnail","post-class-hentry","post-class-category-cinematography-2","post-class-category-filmmaking-2","post-class-tag-180-degree-rule","post-class-tag-180-rule","post-class-tag-action-scenes","post-class-tag-cinematography","post-class-tag-fight-scene","post-class-tag-framing","post-class-tag-framing-your-shot","post-class-tag-types-of-shots"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.5 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>To Break or Not to Break: The Significance of the 180-Degree Rule<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We dare to challenge one of the most famous, yet controversial, rules in film and video production. 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