{"id":174508,"date":"2022-10-03T06:46:36","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T11:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/?p=174508"},"modified":"2022-10-03T06:54:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-03T11:54:41","slug":"golden-age-of-hollywood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/golden-age-of-hollywood\/","title":{"rendered":"The Golden Age of Hollywood: Its Rise, Decline, and Legacy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over 100 years ago, it would have been hard to imagine the Hollywood of today. Massive international box office pictures with outrageous budgets are all fighting to be the next billion-dollar franchise film. Studios all over the world compete to rake in the most at the box office, or instead, now most seem to be shifting between box-office dollars and proprietary subscription services. There are many moving parts to the industry today, but that was not always the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8220;Hollywood&#8221; that truly made Hollywood famous was controlled by just a few big studios. These studios weren&#8217;t just making movies; they practically owned the whole system. They held the rights to the pictures, had leading stars in multi-year contracts, and even owned all the major theaters. They also propelled technological advances like talking pictures, studio lighting, anamorphic lenses, aspect ratios, and color film.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let&#8217;s dive into the early years, the evolution of cinema, and the downfall of the Golden Age of Hollywood. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-when-did-the-golden-age-of-hollywood-happen\"><span id=\"when-did-the-golden-age-of-hollywood-happen\">When did the Golden Age of Hollywood happen?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There isn&#8217;t a definitive starting year to the Golden Age of Hollywood. Some scholars credit 1915&#8217;s <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0004972\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Birth of a Nation<\/a><\/em> as one of the earliest films of the period, but the true mass appeal of cinema and non-stop release of films didn&#8217;t happen until the 1920s and 1930s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ebtiJH3EOHo?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A considerable proponent that kicked off the success of cinema actually came from an economic downturn. The Great Depression that followed the 1929 stock market crash turned Hollywood into a powerhouse. Now, not to discredit the films of the roaring twenties, which can be argued to be part of the Golden Age of Hollywood, once the Great Depression started, a majority of American turned to cinema as their form of escapism. Why? Movie tickets were often far cheaper than tickets to theater shows and concerts. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/roaring-twenties\/hollywood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">According to history.com<\/a>, up to 80 million Americans went to the movies each week during the Depression. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg\" alt=\"President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945), U.S. President 1933-1945, speaking to the United States concerning unemployment causes, circa 1935 - Golden Age of Hollywood\" class=\"wp-image-175255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/President-Franklin-D.-Roosevelt.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption>President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945), U.S. President 1933-1945, speaking to the United States concerning unemployment causes, circa 1935 &#8211; Image via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/editorial\/image-editorial\/president-franklin-d-roosevelt-1882-1945-s-1933-1945-10274388a\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Everett\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>During this Depression, when the spirit of the people is lower than at any other time, it is a splendid thing that for just 15 cents an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles.<\/p><cite>Franklin D. Roosevelt on watching Shirley Temple films.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ten years later, 1939 saw the release of some of the biggest films in cinematic history. Leveraging technological advances in image capture from lensing to color film advances, movies like <em>The Wizard of Oz, Gone with the Wind, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, <\/em>and <em>The Hunchback of Notre Dame<\/em> dazzled and captivated audiences. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historically speaking, more films were made in the 1920s and 1930s than pretty much any other decade \u2014 EVER. Even in comparison to major releases seen today, hundreds of more films were made and released in the 1930s. Genre films were big hits, especially westerns, gangster and crime movies, and musicals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Golden Age of Hollywood began to falter by 1948 and fully came to an end by the 1960s. More on that in a bit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-big-five-major-studios-of-the-golden-age\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The &#8220;Big Five&#8221; Major Studios of the Golden Age<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg\" alt=\"Warner Brothers' First National Studios, High Angle View, Burbank, Los Angeles, California, USA, circa 1930 - Golden Age of Hollywood\" class=\"wp-image-175256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Golden-Age-Studios.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption>Warner Brothers&#8217; First National Studios, High Angle View, Burbank, Los Angeles, California, USA, circa 1930 &#8211; Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/editorial\/image-editorial\/warner-brothers&#039;-first-national-studios-high-angle-4594863a\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Glasshouse Images\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most of Hollywood of the 1930s through the end of the Golden Age was ruled by five studios, Metro Goldwyn Mayer (MGM), RKO, 20th Century Fox, Warner Bros., and Paramount Pictures. What set these five apart from other smaller studios like Universal, United Artists, and Columbia was the fact that the five major studios owned the entire cinematic pipeline. This vertical integration gave them absolute control over everything. They owned the studio lots and camera equipment, they locked talent into exclusive contracts forbidding them to work with other studios while under contract, they owned all aspects of production, distribution, and exhibition. From before cameras started rolling until the theaters projectors stopped, the entire process was controlled by the studios. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"mgm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">MGM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_MGM.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Original Slats the lion logo via MGM. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MGM was the biggest of the five major studios and often reigned as the box office king throughout the 1930s. For over a decade during the Golden Age, MGM was the most financially successful studio. Led by movie mogul Louis B. Mayer, MGM grew a powerhouse roster of talent dubbed under their &#8220;star system.&#8221; This also meant the studio fully controlled talent both on and off-screen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The talent roster included legendary names like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clark_Gable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Clark Gable<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spencer_Tracy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Spencer Tracy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greta_Garbo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Greta Garbo<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joan_Crawford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Joan Crawford<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lon_Chaney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Lon Chaney<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Powell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">William Powell<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buster_Keaton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Buster Keaton<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wallace_Beery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Wallace Beery<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Harlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Jean Harlow<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Robert Montgomery<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judy_Garland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Judy Garland<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gene_Kelly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gene Kelly<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurel_and_Hardy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Laurel and Hardy<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At its peak, MGM had 16-18 pictures shooting at the same time. The studio had six lots with over 40 cameras and 60 sound machines. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable MGM golden age films<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0016104\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Merry Widow<\/a><\/em> (1925)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0015624\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Big Parade<\/a><\/em> (1925)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0016669\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">La Boh\u00e8me<\/a><\/em> (1926)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0017350\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Scarlet Letter<\/a><\/em> (1926)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0019258\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Patsy<\/a><\/em> (1928)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0020264\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Perfect Day<\/a><\/em> (1929)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0020062\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Kiss<\/a><\/em> (1929)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0022913\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Freaks<\/em><\/a> (1932)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0026752\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Mutiny on the Bounty<\/a><\/em> (1935)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0026778\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>A Night at the Opera<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(1935)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032138\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Wizard of Oz<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031381\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Gone with the Wind<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032904\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Philadelphia Story<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(1940)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0036855\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Gaslight<\/em><\/a> (1944)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0043278\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">An American in Paris<\/a><\/em> (1951)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0045152\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Singin&#8217; in the Rain<\/em><\/a> (1952)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0049223\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Forbidden Planet<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(1956)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0051459\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Cat on a Hot Tin Roof<\/em><\/a> (1958)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0052618\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Ben-Hur<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(1959)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0053125\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">North by Northwest<\/a><\/em> (1959)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0054387\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Time Machine<\/a><\/em> (1960)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056193\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Lolita<\/em><\/a> (1962)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056085\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">How the West Was Won<\/a><\/em> (1962)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"twentieth-century-fox\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Twentieth Century-Fox<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175129\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_20th.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Opening logo via 20th Century Studios<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Twentieth Century-Fox was perhaps the biggest rival to MGM in terms of financial success during the Golden Age, often coming in as the second most successful studio. Formed in 1935 after the merger of Fox Films and Twentieth Century Pictures, the company was led by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darryl_F._Zanuck\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Darryl F. Zanuck<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_M._Schenck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Joseph M. Schenck<\/a>. The famous <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Fox_(producer)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">William Fox<\/a> had already lost control of the Fox Film Corporation after a hostile takeover, and he was never involved with the film and television studios that bore his name. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The studio&#8217;s roster of talent included <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tyrone_Power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Tyrone Power<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linda_Darnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Linda Darnell<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carmen_Miranda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Carmen Miranda<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don_Ameche\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Don Ameche<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Fonda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Henry Fonda<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gene_Tierney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gene Tierney<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sonja_Henie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Sonja Henie<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Betty_Grable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Betty Grable<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alice_Faye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Alice Faye<\/a>,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Shirley Temple. They also produced theatrical versions of Broadway hits from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rodgers and Hammerstein<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable 20th Century Fox golden age films:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0016029\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Little Colonel<\/a><\/em> (1935)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0026725\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em><\/a> (1935)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0026199\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Charlie Chan in Shanghai<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(1935)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0028501\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>White Fang<\/em><\/a> (1936)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0030655\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rawhide<\/a> <\/em>(1938)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031580\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Little Princess<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032155\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Young Mr. Lincoln<\/em><\/a> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031022\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032551\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Grapes of Wrath<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032976\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rebecca<\/a> <\/em>(1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032762\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Mark of Zorro<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033729\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">How Green Was My Valley<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0038190\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn<\/a><\/em> (1945)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0039628\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Miracle on 34th Street<\/a><\/em> (1947)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0042192\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">All About Eve<\/a><\/em> (1950)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0043456\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Day the Earth Stood Still<\/a><\/em> (1951)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0046247\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Robe<\/a><\/em> (1953)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0049408\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The King and I<\/a> <\/em>(1956)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0052738\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Diary of Anne Frank<\/a><\/em> (1959)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0054997\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">The Hustler<\/a><\/em> (1961)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056197\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Longest Day<\/a><\/em> (1962)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0217055\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Something&#8217;s Got to Give<\/a><\/em> (1962)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056937\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Cleopatra<\/a><\/em> (1963)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0059742\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">The Sound of Music<\/a><\/em> (1965)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"warner-bros\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Warner Bros.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_WB.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Opening logo of The Jazz Singer via Warner Bros. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warner Bros. was the powerhouse studio behind <em>The Jazz Singer<\/em> (1927) with Al Jolson, credited as the first feature-length film with audible dialogue. The company started as a theater in Pennsylvania, screening films like The Great Train Robbery. Warner Bros. officially established itself as a movie-focused studio on Sunset Boulevard in California in 1923. The &#8220;bros.&#8221; in the name comes from the actual brothers, &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Warner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Harry<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Warner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Albert<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sam_Warner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Sam<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_L._Warner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Jack<\/a>&nbsp;Warner. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The company produced films throughout WWI and, in 1919 acquired the rights to the Broadway play The Gold Diggers, which they turned into a series of films. Around the same time, the studio established the superstar dog <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rin_Tin_Tin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rin Tin Tin<\/a>, who became their top earning star. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Throughout the 1920s, the studio was known for its musicals and color films. As musicals declined in popularity during the Great Depression, the studio moved into animated short films (Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies) and gangster films, giving rise to actor James Cagney. Other notable Warner Bros. stars of the Golden Age included Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis,&nbsp;Olivia de Havilland,&nbsp;Paul Muni, Errol Flynn, Joan Blondell,&nbsp;Edward G. Robinson,&nbsp;Warren William,&nbsp;Barbara Stanwyck, Lauren Bacall,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doris_Day\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Doris Day<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable Warner Bros. golden age films:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0014600\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Where the North Begins<\/a><\/em> (1923)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0016804\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Don Juan<\/a><\/em> (1926)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0018037\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Jazz Singer<\/a> <\/em>(1927)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0019813\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Desert Song<\/a><\/em> (1929)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Looney_Tunes\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Looney Tunes<\/a><\/em> (1930)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Merrie_Melodies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Merrie Melodies<\/a><\/em> (1931)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021079\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Little Caesar<\/a><\/em> (1931)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0022286\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Public Enemy<\/a><\/em> (1931)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0024034\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">42nd Street<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0024069\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gold Diggers of 1933<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0026714\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">A Midsummer Night&#8217;s Dream<\/a><\/em> (1935)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0026393\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">&#8216;G&#8217; Men<\/a> <\/em>(1935)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0029080\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Kid Galahad<\/a><\/em> (1937)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0029870\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Angels with Dirty Faces<\/a><\/em> (1938)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0029843\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Adventures of Robin Hood<\/a><\/em> (1938)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031235\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Dodge City<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033870\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Maltese Falcon<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033717\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">High Sierra<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0034236\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Strawberry Blonde<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0034583\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Casablanca<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;(1942)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0035575\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Yankee Doodle Dandy<\/a><\/em> (1942)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0038355\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">The Big Sleep<\/a><\/em> (1946)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0040897\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Treasure of the Sierra Madre<\/a><\/em> (1948)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0042041\/?ref_=ttls_li_tt\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><em>White Heat<\/em><\/a> (1949)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0044081\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">A Streetcar Named Desire<\/a><\/em> (1951)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0048545\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rebel Without a Cause<\/a><\/em> (1955)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0053221\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Rio Bravo<\/a><\/em> (1959)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"paramount-pictures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paramount Pictures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Paramount.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Original opening logo via Paramount Global. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paramount Pictures dates back to 1912 when Adolph Zukor founded the Famous Players Film Company. Legend has it that in the 1916 merger that created Paramount, Zukor honored his 24 original contracted actors and actresses with the stars above the Paramount logo. Still, the number of stars doesn&#8217;t always align with the number of contracts. The logo currently features 22 stars with allegedly no hidden meaning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the years, Paramount contracts locked in stars like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douglas_Fairbanks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Douglas Fairbanks<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gary_Cooper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gary Cooper<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mae_West\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Mae West<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Pickford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Mary Pickford<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marguerite_Clark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Marguerite Clark<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pauline_Frederick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Pauline Frederick<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloria_Swanson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gloria Swanson<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audrey_Hepburn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Audrey Hepburn<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rudolph_Valentino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rudolph Valentino<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bing_Crosby\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Bing Crosby<\/a>,  <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bob_Hope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Bob Hope<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charlton_Heston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Charlton Heston<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wallace_Reid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Wallace Reid<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paramount Pictures was also notorious for its introduction of block booking, where they forced theaters to purchase licenses for multiple films at once. This allowed them to quickly distribute their A-list and second-rate B films together, with some contracts bundling 52 to over 100 films in a single block. This practice led the the massive anti-trust United States v. Paramount Pictures landmark case. <em>More on that later.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable Paramount golden age films:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0018578\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Wings<\/a><\/em> (1927)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0020112\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Love Parade<\/a><\/em> (1929)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021483\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Tom Sawyer<\/a><\/em> (1930)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021156\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Morocco<\/em> <\/a>(1930)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021981\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Huckleberry Finn<\/a><\/em> (1931)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0022835\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde<\/a><\/em> (1932)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0023241\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Movie Crazy<\/em><\/a> (1932)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0022879\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">A Farewell to Arms<\/a><\/em> (1932)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0023969\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Duck Soup<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0023753\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Alice in Wonderland<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0024991\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Cleopatra<\/a><\/em> (1934)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0026493\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Hop-a-Long Cassidy<\/a><\/em> (1935)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031397\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gulliver&#8217;s Travels<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032993\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Road to Singapore<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033722\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Hold Back the Dawn<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0036775\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Double Indemnity<\/a><\/em> (1944)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0043014\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Sunset Boulevard<\/a><\/em> (1950)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0044672\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Greatest Show on Earth<\/a><\/em> (1952)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0046303\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Shane<\/a><\/em> (1953)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0046250\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Roman Holiday<\/a><\/em> (1953)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0046534\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The War of the Worlds<\/a><\/em> (1953)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0047396\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Rear Window<\/em><\/a> (1954)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0047673\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">White Christmas<\/a><\/em> (1954)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0047437\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Sabrina<\/a> <\/em>(1954)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0049470\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Man Who Knew Too Much<\/a><\/em> (1956)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0049833\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Ten Commandments<\/a><\/em> (1956)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0052357\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Vertigo<\/a><\/em> (1958)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0054215\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Psycho<\/a> <\/em>(1960)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0054698\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Breakfast at Tiffany&#8217;s<\/a><\/em> (1961)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056217\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance<\/a><\/em> (1962)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rko\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">RKO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_RKO.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Opening logo via RKO Pictures LLC.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RKO Radio Pictures, an abbreviation of Radio-Keith-Orpheum, was formed in 1928 when Radio Corporation of America (RCA) merged the Keith-Albee-Orpheum theater chain and Joseph P. Kennedy&#8217;s Film Booking Offices of America studio into a single entity focused on creating movies using RCA&#8217;s sound-on-film technology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The studio produced iconic films during this era, including <em>King Kong<\/em> and <em>Citizen Kane<\/em>. It also took control of distribution for the fledgling Walt Disney Productions, which had previously distributed Silly Symphonies and Mickey Mouse short films through Columbia and United Artists. RKO distributed what the critics dubbed &#8220;Disney&#8217;s Folly,&#8221; the studio&#8217;s first feature-length animated film, <em>Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RKO was primarily known for its series of musicals starring&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fred_Astaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Fred Astaire<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ginger_Rogers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Ginger Rogers<\/a> but also produced a series of horror and noir films. Other RKO stars included legends&nbsp;Katharine Hepburn,&nbsp;Robert Mitchum, Cary Grant,&nbsp;Ingrid Bergman, Irene Dunne, &nbsp;Mary Astor, Maureen O&#8217;Hara, and&nbsp;Orson Welles. It was also home to a B-list yet-to-be famous television superstar <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucille_Ball\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Lucille Ball<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable RKO golden age films:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0020542\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Vagabond Lover<\/a><\/em> (1929)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0024216\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">King Kong<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0024264\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Little Women<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0027125\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Top Hat<\/a><\/em> (1935)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0028333\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Swing Time<\/a><\/em> (1936)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0029583\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs<\/a><\/em> (1937)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0029947\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Bringing Up Baby<\/a><\/em> (1938)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0030696\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Room Service<\/a><\/em> (1938)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031455\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Hunchback of Notre Dame<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032910\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Pinocchio<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033467\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Citizen Kane<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033563\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Dumbo<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0035211\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Pride of the Yankees<\/a><\/em> (1942)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0038151\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Tarzan and the Amazons<\/a><\/em> (1945)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0037536\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Bells of St. Mary&#8217;s<\/a><\/em> (1945)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0037642\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Dick Tracy<\/a><\/em> (1945)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0038650\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">It&#8217;s a Wonderful Life<\/a><\/em> (1946)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0038787\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Notorious<\/a><\/em> (1946)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0040369\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Fort Apache<\/a><\/em> (1948)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0043067\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Treasure Island<\/a><\/em> (1950)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0042332\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Cinderella<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(1950)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0044121\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Thing from Another World<\/a><\/em> (1951)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0043274\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Alice in Wonderland<\/a><\/em> (1951)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0048445\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Oklahoma!<\/em><\/a> (1955)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-little-three-studios-of-the-golden-age\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The &#8220;Little Three&#8221; Studios of the Golden Age<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There were undoubtedly other big studios in the game, but not all had the power of the major five. Primarily Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and United Artists were not as vertically integrated with control over the entire pipeline. Each owned a smaller number of theaters or had limited access to studios. They often partner with other studios to help with financing and distribution. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"universal-pictures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Universal Pictures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Universal.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Opening logo via Universal Pictures.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Founded in 1912, Universal Film Manufacturing Company (Universal Films) was born out of a group of nickelodeon owners who wanted to produce their own films and escape from paying fees to the Edison-Trust, which had a monopoly through patents on their motion picture systems. The company also made the move to begin crediting and naming movie stars in their films, something Edison&#8217;s company had refused to do. Their marketing promotions of&nbsp;Florence Lawrence and King Baggot are often credited as some of the first instances of using movie stars, though history shows the practice had been done at least once before in France. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1915 the company opened Universal City Studios in California, then the world&#8217;s largest motion picture production facility. It was also the first studio open to tourists. Universal Pictures did not own any of their own theaters and relied on branding their products to help lure audiences. The company dubbed their 1922 film Foolish Wives as the &#8220;first million-dollar movie&#8221; to come out of Hollywood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The studio couldn&#8217;t afford to contract stars and either borrowed or hired freelance actors to star in films,  Golden Age acting icons like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Margaret_Sullavan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Margaret Sullavan<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bing_Crosby\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Bing Crosby<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W._C._Fields\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">W. C. Fields<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">James Stewart<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marlene_Dietrich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Marlene Dietrich<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abbott_and_Costello\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Abbott and Costello<\/a>. The iconic horror films starring <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lon_Chaney,_Sr.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Lon Chaney<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boris_Karloff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Boris Karloff<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bela_Lugosi\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Bela Lugosi<\/a> are perhaps more synonymous with the Universal name. The studio would rely on distribution deals, sequels to horror films, and serial films to survive the 1940s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today Universal Pictures is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States fifth oldest in the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable Universal Pictures golden age films:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0006333\/?ref_=adv_li_tt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea<\/a><\/em> (1916)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0013140\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Foolish Wives<\/a><\/em> (1922)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0014142\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Hunchback of Notre Dame<\/a><\/em> (1923)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0016220\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Phantom of the Opera<\/a><\/em> (1925)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0020629\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">All Quiet on the Western Front<\/a><\/em> (1930)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021025\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>King of Jazz<\/em> <\/a>(1930)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021814\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Dracula<\/a><\/em> (1931)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021884\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Frankenstein<\/a> <\/em>(1931)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0023245\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Mummy<\/a><\/em> (1932)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0024184\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Invisible Man<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0025301\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Imitation of Life<\/a><\/em> (1934)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0028249\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Show Boat<\/em><\/a> (1936)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0028373\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Three Smart Girls<\/a><\/em> (1936)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031394\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Green Hornet<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032475\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0040416\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Hamlet<\/em><\/a> (1948)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0045920\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">It Came from Outer Space<\/a><\/em> (1953)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0046876\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Creature from the Black Lagoon<\/a><\/em> (1954)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0054331\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Spartacus<\/a><\/em> (1960)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056592\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">To Kill a Mockingbird<\/a><\/em> (1962)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056869\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Birds<\/a><\/em> (1963)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"columbia-pictures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Columbia Pictures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_Columbia.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Opening logo via Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1918, Jack and Harry Cohn and business partner Joe Brandt founded Cohn-Brandt-Cohn (CBC) Film Sales Corporation. The adopted the name Columbia Pictures in 1924 and later adopted the imagery of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_(personification)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Columbia, the female personification of the United States, Americas, and the New World<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The studio was a minor player in Hollywood, eventually finding success with <em>The Three Stooges<\/em> short films. Columbia became known for screwball comedies, westerns, and comic serials. Columbia was also one of the first distributors of Mickey Mouse short films. The studio&#8217;s major contract stars included <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Arthur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Jean Arthur<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cary_Grant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Cary Grant<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rita_Hayworth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rita Hayworth<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Lemmon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Jack Lemmon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosalind_Russell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rosalind Russell<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glenn_Ford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Glenn Ford<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ann_Sothern\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Ann Sothern<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buck_Jones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Buck Jones<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Starrett\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Charles Starrett<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gene_Autry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gene Autry<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Holden\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">William Holden<\/a>. It was director Frank Capra that helped elevate the studio into a Hollywood player with his renowned films like <em>It Happened One Night<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable Columbia Pictures golden age films:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0024240\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Lady for a Day<\/a><\/em> (1933)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt11137618\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Three Stooges<\/a><\/em> (1934)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0025316\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">It Happened One Night<\/a><\/em> (1934)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0027996\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Mr. Deeds Goes to Town<\/a><\/em> (1936)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031679\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Mr. Smith Goes to Washington<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031762\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Only Angels Have Wings<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032686\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Lady in Question<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033891\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Meet John Doe<\/a><\/em> (1941)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0035665\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Batman<\/a><\/em> (1943)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0036262\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Phantom<\/a><\/em> (1943)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0040525\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Lady from Shanghai<\/a><\/em> (1947)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0041113\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">All the King&#8217;s Men<\/a><\/em> (1949)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0045793\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">From Here to Eternity<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(1953)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0047296\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">On the Waterfront<\/a><\/em> (1954)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0050212\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Bridge on the River Kwai<\/a><\/em> (1957)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0050086\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">3:10 to Yuma<\/a><\/em> (1957)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0052561\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Anatomy of a Murder<\/a><\/em> (1959)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056172\/reference\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Lawrence of Arabia<\/a><\/em> (1962)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056891\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Bye Bye Birdie<\/a><\/em> (1963)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"united-artists\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">United Artists<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg?resize=300,94 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg?resize=277,87 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg?resize=359,113 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg?resize=543,170 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg?resize=560,176 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Golden_Age_UA.jpg?resize=150,47 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Image: Opening logo via<\/em> <em>United Artists Digital Studios. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">United Artists was founded in 1919 by Hollywood heavyweights <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charlie_Chaplin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Charlie Chaplin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D._W._Griffith\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">D.W. Griffith<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Pickford\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Mary Pickford<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douglas_Fairbanks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Douglas Fairbanks<\/a>. The goal was to allow actors to control their own interests versus signing themselves over to the major studios and getting locked into exclusivity contracts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Griffith left the company in 1924, and Joseph Schenck was brought in as President. During his time as President, Schenk formed a partnership with Pickford and Chaplin to establish international theaters under the United Artists, opening first in Mexico and Canada. Schenk asked for ownership in United Artists and was denied, so he left to help form Twentieth Century Fox. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The company had successes and challenges throughout the 1930s and 40s, culminating in lawsuits and Fairbanks&#8217; death. By the mid-1950s, Chaplin and Pickford sold their shares, and the company soon went public. United Artists had a string of successes towards the end of the Golden Age. By the 1960s, they found hits with the Beatles, Pink Panther, James Bond, Stanly Kramer films, and the spaghetti westerns of Sergio Leone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Notable United Artists golden age films:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0010255\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">His Majesty, the American<\/a><\/em> (1919)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0011588\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Pollyanna<\/a><\/em> (1920)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0011439\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Mark of Zorro<\/a><\/em> (1920)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0013556\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Robin Hood<\/a><\/em> (1922)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0019421\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Steamboat Bill, Jr.<\/a><\/em> (1928)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0021749\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>City Lights<\/em><\/a> (1931)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0023427\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Scarface<\/a><\/em> (1932)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0023243\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Mr. Robinson Crusoe<\/a><\/em> (1932)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0025004\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Count of Monte Cristo<\/a><\/em> (1934)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0029606\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">A Star Is Born<\/a><\/em> (1937)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031971\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Stagecoach<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032145\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Wuthering Heights<\/a><\/em> (1939)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0032553\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Great Dictator<\/a><\/em> (1940)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0048356\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Marty<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(1955)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0050083\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">12 Angry Men<\/a><\/em> (1957)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0053291\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Some Like It Hot<\/a><\/em> (1959)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0054047\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Magnificent Seven<\/a><\/em> (1960)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0053604\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Apartment<\/a><\/em> (1960)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0053580\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Alamo<\/a><\/em> (1960)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0056218\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Manchurian Candidate<\/a><\/em> (1962)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0055928\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Dr. No<\/em><\/a> (1962)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0057115\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Great Escape<\/a><\/em> (1963)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0057193\/reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">It&#8217;s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World<\/a><\/em> (1963)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-caused-the-decline-of-the-golden-age-of-hollywood\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What caused the decline of the Golden Age of Hollywood?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As for the end of the Golden Age, again, film scholars are torn on a definite year. Some claim the 1948 breakup of studios, but the traditions and scope of production lasted well into the 1960s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps the biggest killer of the Golden Age of Hollywood was the beginning of the Golden Age of Television which was around 1947 through the 1960s. Generally speaking, the mid-1960s is often considered the end of both Golden Ages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let&#8217;s dive into a few key moments that eventually changed the fate of Hollywood. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-hays-code\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Hays Code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Hays Code did not directly cause the end of the Golden Age of Hollywood. However, it&#8217;s still an important note to understand how studios wanted to avoid government interference in the industry at all costs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both the silent era and early golden age of Hollywood were rocked with celebrity scandals and raunchy depictions of sex and violence in films. In the early 1920s, there was public and political pressure mounting to create moral standards for motion pictures. The studios feared the increasing amount of film censorship bills throughout the United States, especially after the 1915 ruling of&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mutual_Film_Corporation_v._Industrial_Commission_of_Ohio\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio<\/a><\/em> declared that laws of free speech did not apply to motion pictures. The studios decided to self-regulate the industry to avoid any further government interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg\" alt=\"Cecil B. Demille, Will H. Hays, Jesse Lasky - Golden Age of Hollywood\" class=\"wp-image-175257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/William-Hayes.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption><em>Cecil B. Demille, Will H. Hays, Jesse Lasky<\/em> &#8211; Image via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/editorial\/image-editorial\/cecil-b-demille-will-h-hays-jesse-5858923a\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Kobal\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postmaster General Will H. Hays was enlisted to create a code of standards. The Presbyterian elder formed a committee to discuss film censorship, in which they determined a list of &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu\/syllabi\/w\/weisenfeld\/rel160\/donts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Don&#8217;ts and Be Carefuls<\/a>.&#8221; The 1927 list included 11 topics that were best to be avoided entirely and 25 topics that should be handled carefully. It established the &#8220;Pre-Code&#8221; era of censorship in Hollywood.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the Great Depression, films that seemingly ignored the code were financial successes. Since there was no actual enforcement of the code, studios continued to ignore the rules to capitalize on revenue. In 1934 the Production Code Administration was established, which required all films released on or after July 1, 1934, to obtain a certificate of approval before their release. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without the Hays Code, the Golden Age of Hollywood may have ended sooner than it did. Studios now faced true censorship, which caused changes to scripts, wardrobes, and release schedules. Again, all of these sacrifices were accepted by the studios to avoid the inevitable government interference of their monopoly over the film industry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-united-states-v-paramount-pictures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The United States v. Paramount Pictures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remember the mention of Paramount Pictures block booking up above? Where they bundled the release of multiple pictures into deals, they forced on theaters. That single act is one of the biggest things that caused the downfall of the Golden Age. The Federal Trade Commission began investigating film companies during the silent era, and by 1938 the US Department of Justice sued the major movie studios. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A case was initially settled in 1940, which allowed the government to resume prosecution if studios were non-compliant. Studio requirements included:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Big Five studios could no longer block-book short films with features films<\/li><li>The Big Five could block-book feature films, but the block size would be limited to five films<\/li><li>Blind buying would be outlawed and replaced with trade showings for theaters to decide if they wanted to book a film<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The studios did not fully comply, and thus a new case went on trial in 1945. The court ruled in favor of the studios, and the government appealed to the Supreme Court. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg\" alt=\"The End of Hollywood '70: Paramount's Hollywood lot - Golden Age of Hollywood\" class=\"wp-image-175258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Paramount-Pictures.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption>The End of Hollywood &#8217;70: Paramount&#8217;s Hollywood lot &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/editorial\/image-editorial\/end-hollywood-&#039;70-paramount&#039;s-lot-12131709b\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">By&nbsp;Henry Groskinsky\/The LIFE Picture Collection\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1948 the United States Supreme Court looked into violations of the 1890 Sherman Act, which outlawed any monopolization or conspiracy to monopolize. The anti-trust known as United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. lists Paramount Pictures as the primary defendant as the most prominent studios at the time, but all Big Five and Little Three studios were named in the case. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The vertically integrated studios were deemed an oligopoly, and in a 7-1 decision, they were forced to divest themselves of their theater chains. In what became known as the Paramount Decrees, Paramount Pictures was forced to split into two companies, a film company, and a theater chain. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the decision, there was not only a rise in the number of independent movie theaters, but it also led to the rise of independent and art house studios and theaters. Foreign films and independent films screened in these theaters also weakened the Hays Code and were becoming freer from studio interference. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-rise-of-television\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Rise of Television<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Television started making massive technological leaps in the 1930s, but with the onset of World War II, its expansion was halted until the post-war years. Between 1947 and the mid-1950s, the American suburbs grew 43 percent in size. Thousands of new homes and families moved into areas farther away from entertainment districts, and they turned their focus to home entertainment via radio and television. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-175259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg 755w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg?resize=300,159 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg?resize=277,147 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg?resize=359,190 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg?resize=543,288 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg?resize=560,297 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Aerial-sight-of-the-McKeown-project-in-the-suburbs-called-Saint-Francis-Heights-in-San-Francisco-California-in-May-1958.jpg?resize=150,79 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption>Aerial sight of the McKeown project in the suburbs called Saint Francis Heights in San Francisco, California in May 1958 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/editorial\/image-editorial\/aerial-sight-mckeown-project-suburbs-called-saint-12151859a\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Nat Farbman\/The LIFE Picture Collection\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the same years as the Paramount cases, television saw the rise of the Big Three networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC. By 1948, the networks began prime-time schedules seven nights a week. Film studios quickly moved to gain a controlling interest in the television networks (like the Paramount Television Network), but the Federal Communications Commission had the authority to reject TV licenses to companies engaged in monopolistic activities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Throughout the 1950s, television benefitted from technological advances that now only brought color televisions into homes, and the overall prices of televisions continued to drop significantly. By the 1960s, more than half of American homes had a television set. With free entertainment currently broadcast into people&#8217;s homes, studios had to diversify by producing television shows, licensing films for broadcast or looked to other options like opening theme parks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-legacy-of-the-golden-age-of-hollywood\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Legacy of the Golden Age of Hollywood<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps aside from the original creation of the motion picture camera and the digital revolution the film industry continues to go through now, most major technological advances, achievement, and experiments were conducted during the Golden Age of Cinema. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are just a few things the Golden Age of Hollywood is responsible for: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Synchronous Sound<\/li><li>Continuity Editing<\/li><li>Montage Editing<\/li><li>24 frame-per-second<\/li><li>Dubbing<\/li><li>Color Film<\/li><li>Technicolor<\/li><li>Studio Lighting<\/li><li>Three Act Structure<\/li><li>180-degree rule<\/li><li>Aspect Ratios<\/li><li>Widescreen<\/li><li>Cinemascope<\/li><li>Compositing<\/li><li>Blue\/Green Screen<\/li><li>Camera Support<ul><li>Crane<\/li><li>Dolly<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>3D Films<\/li><li>Acting School<\/li><li>Vocal Coaches<\/li><li>Make-up Styles and Beauty Standards<\/li><li>Costume Departments<\/li><li>Ethics Code \/ Ratings<\/li><li>Animated Feature Films<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cover image by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/editorial\/image-editorial\/mgm-1942-5865361a\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Mgm\/Kobal\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about the most emblematic moments of the golden age of Hollywood. The studios, the actors, and why it&#8217;s no more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":143,"featured_media":175262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3843,715,79],"tags":[7156,536,7155,2165],"class_list":["post-class-post-174508","post-class-post","post-class-type-post","post-class-status-publish","post-class-format-standard","post-class-has-post-thumbnail","post-class-hentry","post-class-category-filmmaking-2","post-class-category-industry","post-class-category-inspiration","post-class-tag-film-studio","post-class-tag-filmmaking","post-class-tag-golden-age-of-hollywood","post-class-tag-production"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.5 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Golden Age of Hollywood: Its Rise, Decline, and Legacy - The Beat: A Blog by PremiumBeat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the most emblematic moments of the golden age of Hollywood. 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