{"id":85366,"date":"2017-01-16T11:37:24","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T17:37:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/?p=85366"},"modified":"2017-01-16T11:37:24","modified_gmt":"2017-01-16T17:37:24","slug":"how-to-citizen-kane-your-film","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/how-to-citizen-kane-your-film\/","title":{"rendered":"6 Ways to &#8220;Citizen Kane&#8221; Your Film"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"the-filmmaking-techniques-on-display-in-citizen-kane-continue-to-influence-generations-of-artists-here-are-six-takeaways-for-your-next-film-or-video-project\">The filmmaking techniques on display in Citizen Kane continue to influence generations of artists. Here are six takeaways for your next film or video project.<\/h2>\n<p><em>Citizen Kane images and clips via <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warner_Home_Video\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Warner<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033467\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Citizen Kane<\/a><\/em>\u00a0is still considered <strong>one of the<\/strong> <strong>greatest films ever made.<\/strong> Despite the fact that the film was released 75 years ago, it continues to be a source of inspiration for <strong>modern filmmakers<\/strong> like\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt2527336\/?ref_=nv_sr_4\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Star Wars Episode VIII<\/a><\/em> director\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.filmspotting.net\/top-5\/sight-a-sound-all-time-lists.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Rian Johnson<\/a>. Let\u2019s consider Kane\u2019s legacy and discover some <strong>practical<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>filmmaking techniques<\/strong> that you can put to use in your own projects.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"1-deep-focus\">1. Deep Focus<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85376\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Deep Focus\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Deep Focus\" width=\"755\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg?resize=277,156 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg?resize=359,202 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg?resize=543,306 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg?resize=560,315 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Mirrors.jpg?resize=150,85 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>One of the key <strong>collaborations<\/strong> during the production of <em>Citizen Kane<\/em> was between the director\/producer <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0000080\/?ref_=tt_ov_dr\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Orson Welles<\/a> and his cinematographer, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0005904\/?ref_=ttfc_fc_cr5\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Gregg Toland<\/a>. The beautifully-lit film is masterfully composed and makes use of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_focus\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">deep focus<\/a>. The <strong>deep focus<\/strong> is defined by a wide <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Depth_of_field\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">depth of field<\/a> and was not a common technique at the time of production.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_focus\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Deep focus<\/a> allows subjects close and far away from the camera to<strong> remain in focus<\/strong> and is achieved by using a wide-angle lens and a smaller <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aperture\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">aperture<\/a>. <strong>Deep focus<\/strong> means deep staging of characters along the z-axis. An early scene in <em>Citizen Kane <\/em>(below) is a great\u00a0example of the <strong>deep focus<\/strong> found in the film.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HAHaRDlUrLw?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rogerebert.com\/rogers-journal\/a-viewers-companion-to-citizen-kane\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Roger Ebert<\/a> pointed out the importance of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mise-en-sc%C3%A8ne\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">mise-en-sc\u00e8ne<\/a>, or placing on stage, when using <strong>deep focus.<\/strong> When everything in the composition is in focus, the filmmaker must be conscious of <strong>guiding the attention of the viewers<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Ebert\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Ebert<\/a> pinpointed how the movement of the subjects within the frame and camera movement can become ways to<strong> draw the eye<\/strong> and the attention of the viewer.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-long-takes\">2. Long Takes<\/h3>\n<p>Extended takes, or &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8q4X2vDRfRk\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">oners<\/a>,&#8221; were around long before <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt2562232\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Birdman<\/a><\/em>. Even before the production of <em>Citizen Kane<\/em>, directors such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0003638\/?ref_=tt_ov_dr\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">F.W. Murnau<\/a>\u00a0used the technique to <strong>beautiful effect<\/strong> and likely influenced <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0000080\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Welles<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0005904\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Toland<\/a>. Murnau&#8217;s film, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GnLVMREVA6M\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><em>Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans<\/em><\/a> makes use of long takes and a variety of other cinematic innovations.<\/p>\n<p>The previously mentioned\u00a0<em>Citizen Kane<\/em> clip (seen above) is known for both its <strong>deep focus<\/strong> and the <strong>long tracking shot<\/strong> from the window to the table. Keep in mind that the film was made before the days of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steadicam\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Steadicam<\/a>\u00a0and other portable stabilizers. Because of this, <strong>furniture and props had to be moved<\/strong> around the camera as it tracked forward or backward. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rogerebert.com\/rogers-journal\/a-viewers-companion-to-citizen-kane\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Roger Ebert<\/a> pointed out an interesting clue to the moving table in the clip above. Watch the hat on the table (around :44) for a <strong>noticeable shake<\/strong> after being slid into position.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-expressionistic-lighting\">3. Expressionistic Lighting<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85372\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Expressionistic Lighting\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Expressionistic Lighting\" width=\"755\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg?resize=277,208 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg?resize=359,269 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg?resize=543,407 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg?resize=560,420 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Depth-Lighting.jpg?resize=150,112 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The lighting style in <em>Citizen Kane<\/em> is decidedly <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiaroscuro\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">chiaroscuro<\/a> and owes a debt to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Expressionism\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">German expressionism <\/a>while also prefiguring the visual style of American <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Film_noir\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">film noir<\/a>. Noir in the United States was just getting started in 1941 with the release of <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0033870\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Maltese Falcon<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The lighting reflects the plot, which seeks to understand the man behind the legendary public figure, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Foster_Kane\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Charles Foster Kane<\/a>. The <strong>expressionistic lighting<\/strong> is fitting for a film that ends on a note of continued mystery. The true Charles Foster Kane remains in the <strong>shadows,<\/strong> making the lighting style a direct comment on the nature of identity in the film.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"4-low-angles-and-ceilings\">4. Low Angles and Ceilings<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85379\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Low Angles and Ceilings\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Low Angles and Ceilings\" width=\"755\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg?resize=300,230 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg?resize=277,213 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg?resize=359,276 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg?resize=543,417 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg?resize=560,430 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane.Ford_.Ceiling.jpg?resize=150,115 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Stagecoach via<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/20th_Century_Fox\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"> Twentieth Century Fox<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>The many <strong>low-angle shots<\/strong> in<em> Citizen Kane<\/em> meant that the <strong>sets needed ceilings.<\/strong> Director\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0000406\/?ref_=nv_sr_2\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">John Ford<\/a>\u00a0used ceilings in some of his films (for example,\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0031971\/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_54\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Stagecoach<\/a><\/em>, as seen above) but the technique was not commonplace in 1941 because of lighting and audio needs.<\/p>\n<p>Fun fact: According to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rogerebert.com\/rogers-journal\/a-viewers-companion-to-citizen-kane\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Ebert<\/a>, the ceilings in <em>Citizen Kane<\/em> were <strong>constructed of cloth<\/strong> to allow microphones to be placed above the heads of the actors.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85370\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Ceilings\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Ceilings\" width=\"755\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg 1547w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=300,231 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=768,592 768w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=1024,789 1024w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=1536,1184 1536w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=277,213 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=359,277 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=543,418 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=865,667 865w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=994,766 994w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=560,431 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Ceiling.jpg?resize=150,116 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ceilings are quite commonplace in <strong>film productions<\/strong> these days. In fact, the use of ceilings can work to one\u2019s advantage <strong>in low-budget genre films<\/strong> produced without the luxury of an expansive set. For example, consider the use of low-angle ceiling shots in <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt1534085\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Beyond the Black Rainbow<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85369\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Low Angle View of Ceiling\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Low Angle View of Ceiling\" width=\"755\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg?resize=300,127 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg?resize=277,118 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg?resize=359,152 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg?resize=543,231 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg?resize=560,238 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Beyond-Black-Rainbow-Ceiling.jpg?resize=150,64 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt1534085\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Beyond the Black Rainbow<\/a> via <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnolia_Pictures\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Magnet<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>When it comes to <strong>cinematography techniques,<\/strong> there are too many to list. Gregg Toland was absolutely <em>essential<\/em> to the film.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85373\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: End Credits\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: End Credits\" width=\"755\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg?resize=277,208 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg?resize=359,269 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg?resize=543,408 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg?resize=560,420 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-End-Credit.jpg?resize=150,113 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Toland was so essential, in fact, that Welles showed his <strong>appreciation<\/strong> to his <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinematography\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">cinematographer<\/a> by sharing an end title card, as you can see above.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"5-editing-structure\">5. Editing &amp; Structure<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85387\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Editing and Structure\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Editing and Structure\" width=\"755\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg?resize=300,202 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg?resize=277,186 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg?resize=359,241 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg?resize=543,365 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg?resize=560,377 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vagabond.jpg?resize=150,101 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><br \/>\n<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0089960\/?ref_=nv_sr_2\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Vagabond<\/a> via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.criterion.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Criterion<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>non-linear plot structure<\/strong> of <em>Citizen Kane<\/em> has a lot in common with a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whodunit\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">detective film<\/a>.\u00a0After the death of the main character, we as viewers follow a faceless investigator as he interviews the important figures in the life of Charles Foster Kane. The stated objective is to understand Kane\u2019s dying word, \u201cRosebud.\u201d However, it&#8217;s hard to pin down a precise genre or classification for <em>Citizen Kane\u00a0<\/em>because it&#8217;s such a <strong>broad<\/strong> mix of different genre elements.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biographical_film\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">biopic<\/a>, interview-style reconstruction of a Kane&#8217;s life contributes to the\u00a0<strong>narrative complexity<\/strong>\u00a0in <em>Citizen Kane<\/em>. This non-linear structural technique crops up consistently in modern cinema. One notable must-see example is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0889513\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Agnes Varda\u2019s<\/a> <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0089960\/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_26\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Vagabond<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Welles was certainly fond of <strong>long takes<\/strong> but he also made great use of rapid-fire <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Montage_(filmmaking)\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">montage<\/a> to dispense with time in an <strong>efficient<\/strong> and <strong>artful<\/strong> way. Consider the twenty-year <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elementsofcinema.com\/editing\/ellipsis.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">ellipsis cut<\/a>\u00a0(seen below) between Thatcher\u2019s well wishes on Christmas and New Year\u2019s. This cut is also an example of what Welles called a \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/user101.tccc.cc.nc.us\/swood\/DRA\/KaneInnovations.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">lightning mix<\/a>,\u201d which is considered in the <strong>section on sound<\/strong> below.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ET7gj5_PZV8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Perhaps more well-known is the breakfast-scene montage (below) between Kane and his wife. In it, we get to watch a rapid-fire transition from happy newlyweds to a disenchanted married couple. Also worth noting in this sequence is the <strong>theatrical lighting cue<\/strong> at the beginning. You can see the background light dim during the dissolve\u00a0to help transition from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/character\/ch0003576\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Jedediah Leland\u2019s<\/a> interview to the breakfast scene.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CMkPIW22bq4?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s important to remember that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0936404\/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Robert Wise<\/a> edited <em>Citizen Kane<\/em>. Wise would later make a name for himself directing a number of major movie classics, like\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0043456\/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_28\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Day the Earth Stood Still<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0055614\/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_13\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">West Side Story<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0059742\/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_10\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">The Sound of Music<\/a><\/em>, and <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0079945\/?ref_=nm_flmg_dr_3\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Star Trek: The Motion Picture<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"6-complex-sound\">6. Complex Sound<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85377\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Complex Sound\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film: Complex Sound\" width=\"755\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg?resize=300,218 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg?resize=277,201 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg?resize=359,261 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg?resize=543,394 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg?resize=560,407 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Sound.jpg?resize=150,109 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Orson Welles made a name for himself in radio with the infamous <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_War_of_the_Worlds_(radio_drama)\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">War of the Worlds radio broadcast<\/a>, so he certainly had an ear for <strong>audio innovation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Welles made use of <strong>overlapping dialogue,<\/strong> which means that characters talk over one another\u2019s lines. <strong>Overlapping dialogue<\/strong> is a technique <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0000265\/?ref_=nv_sr_1\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">Robert Altman<\/a> used <a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiewire.com\/2015\/06\/watch-robert-altmans-best-overlapping-dialogue-in-three-minutes-132104\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">famously throughout his films<\/a>. Welles used the technique throughout <em>Citizen Kane,<\/em> but one of the more obvious moments is during the <strong>screening room sequence <\/strong>(pictured above).<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the <strong>overlapping dialogue,<\/strong> Welles used what he called a \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/user101.tccc.cc.nc.us\/swood\/DRA\/KaneInnovations.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">lightning mix<\/a>.\u201d This is a way of rapidly transitioning between scenes by using a <strong>continuation of a sound effect or a line of dialogue<\/strong>. The previously mentioned scene with Thatcher on Christmas and New Year\u2019s is an example.\u00a0Another example is the following\u00a0sequence.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uNaDrnxp3L0?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Kane\u2019s clapping <strong>transitions<\/strong> to the applause of a small group supporters listening to Jedediah Leland give a speech about Kane. Leland\u2019s speech is then used to <strong>transition<\/strong> to Kane\u2019s famous speech in front of what appears to be a huge crowd.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"in-conclusion\">In Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-85390\" title=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film\" src=\"https:\/\/www.premiumbeat.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg\" alt=\"6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film\" width=\"755\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg 742w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg?resize=277,208 277w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg?resize=359,269 359w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg?resize=543,407 543w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg?resize=560,420 560w, https:\/\/vip-go.premiumbeat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Kane-Rally-Final.jpg?resize=150,112 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Citizen Kane<\/em> remains <strong>a rich textbook of seemingly endless production techniques<\/strong> for every filmmaker. From <strong>deep focus<\/strong> to <strong>overlapping dialogue,<\/strong> there are too many <a href=\"http:\/\/www.filmsite.org\/bestfilmediting3.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">takeaways to list<\/a>. <em>Citizen Kane<\/em> should be on every filmmaker\u2019s must-see list. The impressive <strong>filmmaking techniques and themes<\/strong>\u00a0continue to remain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/arts\/movies\/2016\/07\/28\/coming-theater-near-you-citizen-trump\/bdK7LCU2omms0Zzf7jX9WL\/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">relevant<\/a>\u00a0today.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is your favorite, or least favorite, aspect of <em>Citizen Kane<\/em>?<\/strong> Please share below.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The filmmaking techniques on display in Citizen Kane continue to influence generations of artists. Here are six takeaways for your next film or video project.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":85840,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4519,3843,39,583],"tags":[1093,536,5376,472],"class_list":["post-class-post-85366","post-class-post","post-class-type-post","post-class-status-publish","post-class-format-standard","post-class-has-post-thumbnail","post-class-hentry","post-class-category-cinematography-2","post-class-category-filmmaking-2","post-class-category-video-editing","post-class-category-video-production-2","post-class-tag-cinematography","post-class-tag-filmmaking","post-class-tag-video-editing","post-class-tag-video-production"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>6 Ways to &quot;Citizen Kane&quot; Your Film<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The filmmaking techniques on display in Citizen Kane have influenced generations of artists. 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